Livy, a native of Patavium (modern Padua) in Northern Italy, wrote a massive history of Rome in 142 books during the Augustan Period. Only 35 books of his account remain, but these provide a stimulating account of Rome’s earliest days, its struggles against Carthage in the Second Punic War, and its conquests in the Greek East. Our papers focus on books 1-5, which tell of Rome’s foundation, the rule of its seven kings, and the foundation of the Republic.